Abstract Objective: To evaluate in vitro erosive effect of analgesics on primary tooth enamel. Material and Methods: The pH and the titratable acidity measurements of the medicines were performed in triplicate using a digital pH meter. Enamel slabs of primary teeth flat and polished were selected by initial surface microhardness analysis. Medications were selected and specimens were assigned into five groups (n=12): Dalsy; Magnopyrol; Paracetamol; Tylenol; and distilled water (negative control). Specimens were immersed in 5 ml of each group solution for 30 min, 4x/day for three days and stored in artificial saliva at 37 °C between immersions and at night. Final microhardness was determined. The data were submitted to Oneway ANOVA and Tukey's test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed in three specimens of each group. Results: Medicines showed acidic pH and mean values of titratable acidity ranged from 1.46 to 11.66 ml of 0.1N NaOH. The mineral loss of Magnopyrol was statistically significant in relation to the control group (p<0.01). Magnopyrol showed higher values when compared to Tylenol (p<0.05). SEM images displayed microstructure alterations in the Paracetamol group. Conclusion: Despite the low pH values, only Magnopyrol showed greater enamel softening. Paracetamol demonstrated morphological changes in primary tooth enamel.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the emotional and social experiences of parents or caregivers of children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in a city in the Northeastern of Brazil. Material and Methods: A quantitative and cross-sectional study was conducted among parents or caregivers of children with CL/P by interviews based on a questionnaire. Interviews were conducted during the First Smile Project in Sobral, Ceará, Brazil. All participants (n=41) agreed to participate in the interview and signed an informed consent. The data was analyzed in SPSS software version 22.0. Results: The majority of participants were female (87.2%), with a mean age of 37 years, with a low level of education and low family income. The great majority (90.2%) of the parents were not prenatally diagnosed to have CL/P babies. Of those interviewed, 56.1% mentioned that the first diagnosis of cleft lip and palate was not presented by the professionals in a clarifying way to the family. Fear (36.6%) and sadness (19.5%) were the main feelings experienced when the child was diagnosed with fissure. Feeding (48.8%) was pointed out as the main concern in caring for a child with CL/P. Conclusion: The parents and caregivers interviewed faced important emotional and social problems that must be addressed by the professional team that assists the child with CL/P.

This study evaluated the effects of acidic medicines (Dimetapp® and Claritin®), under pH-cycling conditions, on the surface degradation of four composite resins (microhybrid: TPH, Concept, Opallis and Nanofilled: Supreme). Thirty disc-shaped specimens (Ø = 5.0 mm / thickness = 2.0 mm) of each composite were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 10): a control and two experimental groups, according to the acidic medicines evaluated. The specimens were finished and polished with aluminum oxide discs, and the surface roughness was measured by using a profilometer. After the specimens were submitted to a pH-cycling regimen and immersion in acidic medicines for 12 days, the surface roughness was measured again. Two specimens for each material and group were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after pH-cycling. Data were analyzed by the Student's-t test, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test and paired t-test (α=0.05). Significant increase in roughness was found only for TPH in the control group and TPH and Supreme immersed in Claritin® (p<0.05). SEM analyses showed that the 4 composite resins underwent erosion and surface degradation after being subjected to the experimental conditions. In conclusion, although the roughness was slightly affected, the pH-cycling and acidic medicines caused surface degradation of the composite resins evaluated. Titratable acidity seemed to play a more crucial role on surface degradation of composite resins than pH.

Este estudo avaliou as percepções e atitudes de responsáveis por crianças sobre os potenciais cariogênico e erosivo de medicamentos infantis. Foram realizadas entrevistas sobre a associação do uso de medicamentos infantis com cárie e erosão dentária, bem como os cuidados com a higiene bucal após sua ingestão. Do total de responsáveis com entrevista completa (n=86), 24 (27,9%) consideraram os medicamentos infantis ácidos, 51 (59,3%) amargos e 56 (65,1%) doces; porém, apenas 16 (28,6%) destes últimos realizavam higiene bucal das crianças após utilização (Exato de Fisher; p>0,05). Além disso, apenas 18 (20,9%) responsáveis realizavam esta prática, dos quais 8 (44,4%) haviam recebido orientação prévia sobre higiene bucal (Exato de Fisher; p<0,05). A associação entre uso de medicamentos e cárie dental ou defeitos na estrutura dos dentes foi apontada por 61 (70,9%) entrevistados, dos quais 24 (39,3%) justificaram tal associação em função da presença de açúcar nas formulações. Apesar dos responsáveis considerarem os medicamentos doces e relacionarem seu uso à presença de cárie e defeitos na estrutura dental, grande parte destes não realiza higiene bucal em seus filhos após o uso desses fármacos e não consegue estabelecer claramente a relação de causa e efeito existente em tal associação.

The study assesses the perceptions of parents/guardians on the use of pediatric medicines and their cariogenic/erosive potential, interviewing them on the relationship between the use of pediatric medicines and cavities/dental erosion, as well as oral hygiene procedures after the medication. Among the interviewed parents/guardians (n=86), 24 (27.9%) mentioned the sour taste of pediatric medication, 51 (59.3%) the bitter taste, and 56 (65.1%) considered them sweet, although only 16 (28.6%) of these parents/guardians brushed their children's teeth after the medication (Fisher's Exact; p>0.05). Moreover, only 18 (20.9%) of the parents/guardians performed oral hygiene practices after the medication, of whom 8 (44.4%) received previous instructions (Fisher's Exact; p<0.05). The association between taking medications and dental caries or structural dental defects was mentioned by 61 (70.9%) of the parents/guardians, with 24 (39.3%) of them justifying this association through the presence of sugar in the formulations. Although parents/guardians consider medicines to be sweet substances and relate their use to dental caries and tooth structure flaws, most of them do not brush their children's teeth after taking medications and are unable to establish a clear cause/effect relationship for this association.

Este estudo avaliou as percepções e atitudes de responsáveis por crianças sobre os potenciais cariogênico e erosivo de medicamentos infantis. Foram realizadas entrevistas sobre a associação do uso de medicamentos infantis com cárie e erosão dentária, bem como os cuidados com a higiene bucal após sua ingestão. Do total de responsáveis com entrevista completa (n=86), 24 (27,9%) consideraram os medicamentos infantis ácidos, 51 (59,3%) amargos e 56 (65,1%) doces; porém, apenas 16 (28,6%) destes últimos realizavam higiene bucal das crianças após utilização (Exato de Fisher; p>0,05). Além disso, apenas 18 (20,9%) responsáveis realizavam esta prática, dos quais 8 (44,4%) haviam recebido orientação prévia sobre higiene bucal (Exato de Fisher; p<0,05). A associação entre uso de medicamentos e cárie dental ou defeitos na estrutura dos dentes foi apontada por 61 (70,9%) entrevistados, dos quais 24 (39,3%) justificaram tal associação em função da presença de açúcar nas formulações. Apesar dos responsáveis considerarem os medicamentos doces e relacionarem seu uso à presença de cárie e defeitos na estrutura dental, grande parte destes não realiza higiene bucal em seus filhos após o uso desses fármacos e não consegue estabelecer claramente a relação de causa e efeito existente em tal associação.

The study assesses the perceptions of parents/guardians on the use of pediatric medicines and their cariogenic/erosive potential, interviewing them on the relationship between the use of pediatric medicines and cavities/dental erosion, as well as oral hygiene procedures after the medication. Among the interviewed parents/guardians (n=86), 24 (27.9%) mentioned the sour taste of pediatric medication, 51 (59.3%) the bitter taste, and 56 (65.1%) considered them sweet, although only 16 (28.6%) of these parents/guardians brushed their children's teeth after the medication (Fisher's Exact; p>0.05). Moreover, only 18 (20.9%) of the parents/guardians performed oral hygiene practices after the medication, of whom 8 (44.4%) received previous instructions (Fisher's Exact; p<0.05). The association between taking medications and dental caries or structural dental defects was mentioned by 61 (70.9%) of the parents/guardians, with 24 (39.3%) of them justifying this association through the presence of sugar in the formulations. Although parents/guardians consider medicines to be sweet substances and relate their use to dental caries and tooth structure flaws, most of them do not brush their children's teeth after taking medications and are unable to establish a clear cause/effect relationship for this association.